Essences really aren't too hard when broken down.
http://www.mike056.com/SoD_Visible_Armor.htmThat's all you need to know, but to paraphrase.
You have 3 tiers of armor. For each tier, you need the prior tier (with the option of taking crystallos prismatic group gear and skipping tier 3 armor).
Seminal is tier 3. Medial is tier 4. Eternal is tier 5.
The first part (warped, fractured, distorted, phased) just indicates which armor slot the essence is for.
Blue (luminescent) is the order type. Red (Incandescent) is the discord type.
Essence + correct tinea (based off armor slot) in cocoon = tier 3, tier 3 + essence in molting cell = tier 4, tier 4 + essence in molting cell = tier 5.